Roman Numerals Chart

A Roman numerals chart lists every number alongside its Roman numeral equivalent — from I for 1 through M for 1000 and up to MMMCMXCIX for 3,999. Use it to decode clock faces, movie copyright dates, Super Bowl numbers, and chapter headings. A printable PDF and a two-way converter are available below.

Roman Numeral Converter

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Roman Numeral Symbols

This section introduces the seven base symbols and the six subtractive pairs used in standard Roman numeral notation.

Roman Numeral Symbol Values
Symbol Value Subtractive Pair Subtractive Value
I1IV4
V5IX9
X10XL40
L50XC90
C100CD400
D500CM900
M1000——
IV4——
IX9——
XL40——
XC90——
CD400——
CM900——

Never write more than three identical symbols in a row. Use subtractive pairs instead — for example write IV for 4 not IIII, and write IX for 9 not VIIII.

Source: Encyclopædia Britannica — Roman numeral

Roman Numerals 1 to 100

Roman Numerals 1 to 100
#Roman #Roman #Roman #Roman #Roman
1 I 2 II 3 III 4 IV 5 V
6 VI 7 VII 8 VIII 9 IX 10 X
11 XI 12 XII 13 XIII 14 XIV 15 XV
16 XVI 17 XVII 18 XVIII 19 XIX 20 XX
21 XXI 22 XXII 23 XXIII 24 XXIV 25 XXV
26 XXVI 27 XXVII 28 XXVIII 29 XXIX 30 XXX
31 XXXI 32 XXXII 33 XXXIII 34 XXXIV 35 XXXV
36 XXXVI 37 XXXVII 38 XXXVIII 39 XXXIX 40 XL
41 XLI 42 XLII 43 XLIII 44 XLIV 45 XLV
46 XLVI 47 XLVII 48 XLVIII 49 XLIX 50 L
51 LI 52 LII 53 LIII 54 LIV 55 LV
56 LVI 57 LVII 58 LVIII 59 LIX 60 LX
61 LXI 62 LXII 63 LXIII 64 LXIV 65 LXV
66 LXVI 67 LXVII 68 LXVIII 69 LXIX 70 LXX
71 LXXI 72 LXXII 73 LXXIII 74 LXXIV 75 LXXV
76 LXXVI 77 LXXVII 78 LXXVIII 79 LXXIX 80 LXXX
81 LXXXI 82 LXXXII 83 LXXXIII 84 LXXXIV 85 LXXXV
86 LXXXVI 87 LXXXVII 88 LXXXVIII 89 LXXXIX 90 XC
91 XCI 92 XCII 93 XCIII 94 XCIV 95 XCV
96 XCVI 97 XCVII 98 XCVIII 99 XCIX 100 C

Source: Standard notation

Roman Numerals 101 to 1000

This table shows all hundreds values plus the full sequence from 101 through 199.

Roman Numerals 100 to 1000 — Key Values and Full 100s Range
Number Roman Numeral
100 C
200 CC
300 CCC
400 CD
500 D
600 DC
700 DCC
800 DCCC
900 CM
1000 M
#Roman #Roman #Roman #Roman #Roman
101 CI 102 CII 103 CIII 104 CIV 105 CV
106 CVI 107 CVII 108 CVIII 109 CIX 110 CX
111 CXI 112 CXII 113 CXIII 114 CXIV 115 CXV
116 CXVI 117 CXVII 118 CXVIII 119 CXIX 120 CXX
121 CXXI 122 CXXII 123 CXXIII 124 CXXIV 125 CXXV
126 CXXVI 127 CXXVII 128 CXXVIII 129 CXXIX 130 CXXX
131 CXXXI 132 CXXXII 133 CXXXIII 134 CXXXIV 135 CXXXV
136 CXXXVI 137 CXXXVII 138 CXXXVIII 139 CXXXIX 140 CXL
141 CXLI 142 CXLII 143 CXLIII 144 CXLIV 145 CXLV
146 CXLVI 147 CXLVII 148 CXLVIII 149 CXLIX 150 CL
151 CLI 152 CLII 153 CLIII 154 CLIV 155 CLV
156 CLVI 157 CLVII 158 CLVIII 159 CLIX 160 CLX
161 CLXI 162 CLXII 163 CLXIII 164 CLXIV 165 CLXV
166 CLXVI 167 CLXVII 168 CLXVIII 169 CLXIX 170 CLXX
171 CLXXI 172 CLXXII 173 CLXXIII 174 CLXXIV 175 CLXXV
176 CLXXVI 177 CLXXVII 178 CLXXVIII 179 CLXXIX 180 CLXXX
181 CLXXXI 182 CLXXXII 183 CLXXXIII 184 CLXXXIV 185 CLXXXV
186 CLXXXVI 187 CLXXXVII 188 CLXXXVIII 189 CLXXXIX 190 CXC
191 CXCI 192 CXCII 193 CXCIII 194 CXCIV 195 CXCV
196 CXCVI 197 CXCVII 198 CXCVIII 199 CXCIX

Source: Standard notation

Roman Numerals for Years 2000 to 2030

Use this table to decode or write any year from 2000 to 2030 in Roman numerals.

Year to Roman Numeral Reference 2000 to 2030
Year Roman Numeral
2000 MM
2001 MMI
2002 MMII
2003 MMIII
2004 MMIV
2005 MMV
2006 MMVI
2007 MMVII
2008 MMVIII
2009 MMIX
2010 MMX
2011 MMXI
2012 MMXII
2013 MMXIII
2014 MMXIV
2015 MMXV
2016 MMXVI
2017 MMXVII
2018 MMXVIII
2019 MMXIX
2020 MMXX
2021 MMXXI
2022 MMXXII
2023 MMXXIII
2024 MMXXIV
2025 MMXXV
2026 MMXXVI
2027 MMXXVII
2028 MMXXVIII
2029 MMXXIX
2030 MMXXX

4 Rules for Reading Roman Numerals

  1. Write symbols from largest to smallest going left to right. The value XVI is 10 + 5 + 1 = 16.
  2. A smaller symbol placed before a larger one means subtraction. IV equals 5 − 1 = 4. XC equals 100 − 10 = 90.
  3. Never repeat the same symbol more than three times in a row. Write IV instead of IIII and XL instead of XXXX.
  4. Only the symbols I, X, and C can be used subtractively. I can only subtract from V and X. X can only subtract from L and C. C can only subtract from D and M.

Common Uses of Roman Numerals Today

  • Clocks — many watch faces use IIII instead of IV for visual balance with VIII on the opposite side. This is a historical design convention, not a mistake.
  • Super Bowls — the NFL has numbered every Super Bowl using Roman numerals since the first game. Super Bowl LIX was played in 2026.
  • Film copyright dates — movie credits display the production year as a Roman numeral at the end of the copyright notice.
  • Monarchs and popes — titles such as Henry VIII, Elizabeth II, and Pope John Paul II use Roman numerals to distinguish rulers who share the same name.

Roman Numerals 1001 to 3999

This section covers large Roman numeral values up to 3999, which is the highest number expressible in standard notation without a vinculum bar.

Roman Numerals 1001 to 3999 — Key Values
Number Roman Numeral
1001 MI
1500 MD
1776 (Year of American Independence) MDCCLXXVI
1900 MCM
1999 MCMXCIX
2000 MM
2500 MMD
2999 MMCMXCIX
3000 MMM
3500 MMMD
3999 MMMCMXCIX

Numbers 4000 and above require vinculum notation. In vinculum notation a horizontal bar placed over a symbol multiplies its value by 1000. For example V with a bar means 5,000.

Source: Encyclopædia Britannica — Roman numeral

Roman Numeral Outline Format

Roman numerals are commonly used in formal outlines to organise content into hierarchical levels.

I. First main heading A. First sub-point under I B. Second sub-point under I 1. Detail under B 2. Another detail under B II. Second main heading A. First sub-point under II III. Third main heading

The convention in formal outlines is Roman numerals for the top level, capital letters for the second level, Arabic numerals for the third level, and lowercase letters for the fourth level.

Super Bowl Number Finder

Enter a Super Bowl number to get its Roman numeral and the year it was played. Use the Movie Year Decoder to find the calendar year from a Roman numeral in a film copyright credit.

Super Bowl Number Finder

Enter a Super Bowl number to get its Roman numeral and year played.

Movie Year Decoder

Enter the Roman numeral from a film copyright credit to get the production year.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is 4 in Roman numerals?

IV.

How do you write 2026 in Roman numerals?

The answer is MMXXVI. The breakdown is MM equals 2000, XX equals 20, and VI equals 6.

What is the largest Roman numeral in standard notation?

MMMCMXCIX equals 3999. Numbers above 3999 require vinculum notation which places a bar over a symbol to multiply its value by 1000.

Why do clock faces use IIII instead of IV?

This is a historical design choice providing visual symmetry with VIII directly opposite on the dial. It predates the standardisation of the subtractive IV notation.

What does M mean in Roman numerals?

M equals 1000. It comes from the Latin word mille meaning thousand.

How do you write 100 in Roman numerals?

C. It comes from the Latin word centum meaning hundred.

What year is MCMXCIX in Roman numerals?

MCMXCIX equals 1999. The breakdown is M equals 1000, CM equals 900, XC equals 90, and IX equals 9.

What is XXX in Roman numerals?

30. X equals 10, so three Xs equal 30.

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