Spanish Conjugation Chart
The Spanish Conjugation Chart is a language reference tool covering spanish conjugation chart, spanish verb conjugation chart, ser conjugation chart, estar conjugation chart. Use the chart below to look up values instantly. Printable and downloadable versions are available on this page.
Spanish Present Tense Conjugation Chart — Regular Verbs
| Subject Pronoun | -AR verb ending (hablar — to speak) | -ER verb ending (comer — to eat) | -IR verb ending (vivir — to live) | How to Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yo (I) | hablo | como | vivo | Remove infinitive ending. AR→o, ER→o, IR→o. |
| tú (you informal) | hablas | comes | vives | AR→as, ER→es, IR→es. |
| él/ella/usted (he/she/formal you) | habla | come | vive | AR→a, ER→e, IR→e. |
| nosotros (we) | hablamos | comemos | vivimos | AR→amos, ER→emos, IR→imos. |
| vosotros (you plural — Spain only) | habláis | coméis | vivís | AR→áis, ER→éis, IR→ís. |
| ellos/ellas/ustedes (they/you plural) | hablan | comen | viven | AR→an, ER→en, IR→en. |
Source: Real Academia Española (RAE) Spanish grammar standard
Common Irregular Verbs — Present Tense
| Pronoun | ser (to be — permanent) | estar (to be — temporary) | tener (to have) | ir (to go) | hacer (to do/make) | poder (to be able to) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yo | soy | estoy | tengo | voy | hago | puedo |
| tú | eres | estás | tienes | vas | haces | puedes |
| él/ella/Ud. | es | está | tiene | va | hace | puede |
| nosotros | somos | estamos | tenemos | vamos | hacemos | podemos |
| vosotros | sois | estáis | tenéis | vais | hacéis | podéis |
| ellos/Uds. | son | están | tienen | van | hacen | pueden |
Spanish Past Tense Conjugation — Preterite
| Subject Pronoun | -AR verb ending (hablar — to speak) | -ER verb ending (comer — to eat) | -IR verb ending (vivir — to live) | How to Form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yo | hablé | comí | viví | AR→é, ER/IR→í. |
| tú | hablaste | comiste | viviste | AR→aste, ER/IR→iste. |
| él/ella/Ud. | habló | comió | vivió | AR→ó, ER/IR→ió. |
| nosotros | hablamos | comimos | vivimos | AR→amos, ER/IR→imos. |
| vosotros | hablasteis | comisteis | vivisteis | AR→asteis, ER/IR→isteis. |
| ellos/Uds. | hablaron | comieron | vivieron | AR→aron, ER/IR→ieron. |
Source: RAE standard Spanish grammar
Ser vs Estar Reference Chart
Spanish has two verbs for "to be" — ser and estar — and choosing the correct one is one of the most important and most commonly confused aspects of Spanish grammar.
| Use Ser for | Use Estar for | Memory Tip |
|---|---|---|
| Identity and name — Soy María | Location of events — El concierto es aquí (Exception: events use ser for location) | DOCTOR — Description, Occupation, Characteristics, Time, Origin, Relationships for ser. |
| Origin and nationality — Soy de México / Soy mexicana | Physical location of people and things — Estoy en casa | PLACE — Position, Location, Action, Condition, Emotion for estar. |
| Permanent characteristics — El cielo es azul (The sky is blue) | Temporary conditions — Estoy cansado (I am tired) | — |
| Occupation — Soy médica | Emotions and feelings — Estoy feliz | — |
| Material — La mesa es de madera | Ongoing actions (with gerund) — Estoy comiendo | — |
| Time and dates — Son las tres / Hoy es lunes | Results of actions — La puerta está abierta | — |
| Relationships — Ella es mi madre | Health conditions — Estoy enfermo | — |
| Passive voice (with past participle) | Progressive tenses (with present participle) | — |
Spanish Verb Conjugator
Enter any Spanish verb to get the full conjugation table across all tenses — present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and subjunctive — with irregularities highlighted.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many tenses are there in Spanish?
Spanish has 14 tenses in the indicative mood plus additional subjunctive and imperative forms. The most commonly used tenses for everyday communication are present, preterite, imperfect, future, conditional, and the present perfect.
What is the difference between preterite and imperfect in Spanish?
The preterite describes completed actions with a clear beginning and end in the past. The imperfect describes ongoing or habitual past actions, background conditions, or states of being — often translated as "was doing" or "used to do."
When do you use ser vs estar?
Ser is used for permanent or inherent characteristics — identity, origin, material, occupation, and relationships. Estar is used for temporary states — location of people and things, emotions, health conditions, and ongoing actions.
What are the most important irregular verbs in Spanish?
The most essential irregular verbs to memorise first are ser, estar, tener, ir, hacer, poder, querer, saber, venir, and dar. These verbs appear in extremely high frequency in Spanish conversation.
Is vosotros used in Latin America?
No — vosotros is used almost exclusively in Spain. In Latin America the plural of tú is ustedes — the same pronoun used for formal plural in Spain. This means Latin American Spanish essentially has one fewer second-person plural form.
What is the difference between tú and usted?
Tú is the informal second-person singular pronoun used with friends, family, children, and people of the same age or social standing. Usted is the formal second-person singular used with strangers, elders, professionals, and in business contexts.
How do I form the Spanish future tense?
The simple future in Spanish is formed by adding future endings (-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án) directly to the infinitive of regular verbs — for example hablaré (I will speak). This is one of the most regular tenses in Spanish — the same endings work for all verbs including most irregulars which just have an irregular stem.
What is the difference between saber and conocer?
Both mean "to know" but saber refers to knowing facts, skills, and information while conocer refers to being acquainted with or familiar with a person, place, or thing. "Sé hablar español" (I know how to speak Spanish) vs "Conozco Madrid" (I know Madrid — I've been there).