Birthstone Chart
The Birthstone Chart is a reference tool covering birthstone chart by month, birthstone list, birth month stone, traditional birthstones. Use the chart below to look up values instantly. Printable and downloadable versions are available on this page.
Find Your Birthstone
Select your birth month or zodiac sign to see your birthstone, its meaning, and gift ideas.
Birthstone Chart by Month — Complete Reference
| Month | Primary Birthstone | Colour | Alternative Stone(s) | Traditional Meaning / Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | Garnet | Deep red | — | Protection, friendship, and trust |
| February | Amethyst | Purple to violet | — | Peace, courage, and mental clarity |
| March | Aquamarine | Light blue to blue-green | Bloodstone | Serenity, courage, and clear communication |
| April | Diamond | Colourless | Rock Crystal | Strength, eternal love, and invincibility |
| May | Emerald | Green | — | Rebirth, love, fertility, and wisdom |
| June | Pearl | White or cream | Alexandrite, Moonstone | Purity, wisdom, and emotional balance |
| July | Ruby | Red | — | Passion, protection, and prosperity |
| August | Peridot | Yellow-green | Spinel, Sardonyx | Healing, protection, and vitality |
| September | Sapphire | Blue (also pink, yellow, other colours) | Lapis Lazuli | Wisdom, loyalty, and truth |
| October | Opal | Multi-colour | Tourmaline | Creativity, hope, and faithfulness |
| November | Topaz | Yellow to orange | Citrine | Strength, good fortune, and abundance |
| December | Turquoise | Blue-green | Tanzanite, Blue Zircon | Success, protection, and good luck |
Source: American Gem Society and Gemological Institute of America (GIA) — standardised list 1912, updated 2002 and 2016
Zodiac Birthstone Chart
The zodiac birthstone system assigns gemstones to each of the 12 astrological signs — these differ from the monthly birthstone list and are based on astrological tradition rather than the modern standardised calendar list.
| Zodiac Sign | Sun Sign Dates | Primary Zodiac Birthstone | Alternative Zodiac Stone |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aries | March 21 – April 19 | Diamond | Bloodstone |
| Taurus | April 20 – May 20 | Emerald | Sapphire |
| Gemini | May 21 – June 20 | Pearl | Agate |
| Cancer | June 21 – July 22 | Ruby | Moonstone |
| Leo | July 23 – August 22 | Peridot | Onyx |
| Virgo | August 23 – September 22 | Sapphire | Carnelian |
| Libra | September 23 – October 22 | Opal | Peridot |
| Scorpio | October 23 – November 21 | Topaz | Citrine |
| Sagittarius | November 22 – December 21 | Turquoise | Topaz |
| Capricorn | December 22 – January 19 | Garnet | Black Onyx |
| Aquarius | January 20 – February 18 | Amethyst | Garnet |
| Pisces | February 19 – March 20 | Aquamarine | Bloodstone |
Source: GIA Birthstone Guide — Western astrological gemstone tradition
Birthstone Hardness and Durability Chart
Understanding a gemstone's Mohs hardness helps you choose jewellery that will withstand daily wear — harder stones are more resistant to scratching.
| Birthstone | Mohs Hardness (1–10) | Typical Origin | Suitability for Daily Wear |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diamond (April) | 10 | South Africa, Botswana, Russia | Excellent — hardest natural material |
| Ruby (July) | 9 | Myanmar, Thailand, Madagascar | Excellent — very durable |
| Sapphire (September) | 9 | Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Thailand | Excellent — same hardness as ruby |
| Topaz (November) | 8 | Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria | Very good — avoid hard impact |
| Emerald (May) | 7.5–8 | Colombia, Zambia, Brazil | Good — usually has internal inclusions making it more fragile than hardness suggests |
| Aquamarine (March) | 7.5–8 | Brazil, Madagascar, Nigeria | Good |
| Garnet (January) | 6.5–7.5 | India, USA, Africa | Good — avoid hard surfaces |
| Amethyst (February) | 7 | Brazil, Uruguay, South Korea | Good — can fade in direct sunlight |
| Peridot (August) | 6.5–7 | Egypt, Myanmar, USA | Good — avoid ultrasonic cleaners |
| Turquoise (December) | 5–6 | Iran, USA, China | Moderate — avoid chemicals, moisture, and hard impact |
| Opal (October) | 5.5–6.5 | Australia, Ethiopia, Mexico | Delicate — avoid impact, very dry conditions, and ultrasonic cleaners |
| Pearl (June) | 2.5–4.5 | Japan, China, Australia | Delicate — avoid perfume, hairspray, acids, and contact sports |
Source: Gemological Institute of America (GIA) gem encyclopedia
Birthstone Gift Guide
Birthstone jewellery is one of the most personalised gift categories — here are the most popular jewellery styles for each gemstone along with budget guidance.
- Pendants and necklaces are the most universally appropriate birthstone gift — a solitaire pendant works for any age from children through adults.
- Birthstone rings as promise or stacking rings have become the most popular trend in personalised jewellery — combine multiple family members' stones on one ring.
- Earrings work best for harder stones (7 and above on the Mohs scale) that can withstand daily wear at the ear — avoid delicate stones like Opal and Pearl for regular earrings.
- For June (Pearl), October (Opal), and December (Turquoise) consider pendants on a chain rather than rings for daily wear due to the lower hardness of these stones.
Birthstone Finder
Select your birth month or zodiac sign to see your birthstone name, colour, meaning, and personalised gift suggestions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the birthstone for January?
Garnet — a deep red gemstone associated with protection, friendship, and trust.
What month has two or three birthstones?
June has three birthstones: Pearl, Alexandrite, and Moonstone. August also has three: Peridot, Spinel, and Sardonyx. March, October, November, and December each have two.
What is the rarest birthstone?
Alexandrite (June alternative) is one of the rarest gemstones in the world — it changes colour from green in daylight to red in incandescent light. Among the primary stones, Tanzanite (December alternative) is found in only one location in the world.
What is the birthstone for April?
Diamond — the hardest natural material and traditionally associated with eternal love and strength.
Can I wear a birthstone that is not my birth month?
Yes — birthstone associations are cultural and personal. There is no rule against wearing any gemstone you love regardless of birth month.
What is the most expensive birthstone?
Diamond (April) and Ruby (July) are consistently the most expensive birthstones per carat. A fine Burma ruby can actually exceed diamond prices at equivalent quality.
What is the birthstone for October?
October has two birthstones: Opal and Tourmaline. Opal is the primary stone — known for its iridescent play-of-colour.
What is the difference between a monthly birthstone and a zodiac birthstone?
Monthly birthstones are assigned by calendar month and follow the standardised list from the American National Jewelers Association. Zodiac birthstones are assigned by astrological sign based on ancient and medieval traditions and differ from the modern monthly list.